Revolutionary liquid-fuel nuclear technology offering unprecedented safety, efficiency, and fuel flexibility for next-generation clean energy
MSRs use liquid fuel dissolved in molten fluoride or chloride salts, offering revolutionary advantages over conventional solid-fuel reactors
Unlike traditional reactors with solid fuel rods, MSRs dissolve nuclear fuel directly into a flowing molten salt coolant. Operating at atmospheric pressure (eliminating high-pressure explosion risks), the liquid fuel can drain by gravity through a freeze plug into passively-cooled emergency tanks if overheating occursâautomatically stopping the nuclear reaction and preventing meltdown without any operator intervention.
Can burn thorium (much more abundant than uranium), low-enriched uranium, plutonium, and even transuranic actinides from spent nuclear fuelâdramatically reducing waste volume and toxicity
Operates at atmospheric pressure (vs. 150x atmospheric in LWRs)âeliminates high-pressure steam explosions and produces no hydrogen gas, preventing Fukushima-type accidents
Operates at 600-700°C (up to 1000°C) while remaining at low pressure, enabling significantly higher thermodynamic efficiency for electricity generation and high-grade industrial process heat
Continuous fuel addition and fission product removal while operatingâeliminates costly shutdown/refueling outages, improves capacity factors, and reduces long-lived radioactive waste
Rapidly adjusts power output to complement intermittent renewables like wind and solar, providing grid stability for a decarbonized energy system
Reliable 24/7 carbon-free power generation with high thermal efficiency for grid stabilization
High-grade heat (600-1000°C) for steel, cement, chemicals, and manufacturingâdecarbonizing energy-intensive industries
High-temperature steam electrolysis and thermochemical water splitting for clean hydrogen fuel production
Energy-efficient seawater desalination using waste heat from power generation cycle
Can consume spent nuclear fuel and transuranic waste, reducing long-term storage requirements
Compact design ideal for cargo ships and naval vessels requiring long-range, high-power operation
MSRs can transmute long-lived radioactive waste into shorter-lived isotopes, revolutionizing nuclear waste management
Only burns a tiny fraction of the fuelâmassive waste generation
Spent fuel contains transuranic elements hazardous for 10,000+ years
Thousands of tons of high-level waste requiring geological repositories
Cannot reprocess or burn waste during operationâfuel must be removed
Current global stockpile: ~400,000 tons of spent nuclear fuel
Nearly complete fuel burn-upâminimal waste generation per unit energy
Can consume long-lived transuranic waste from conventional reactors as fuel
Final waste decays to safe levels in 300-500 years vs. 10,000+ years
Online fission product removal while operatingâextracting valuable isotopes
Can help eliminate the legacy nuclear waste stockpile
99%+ vs. 3-5% in LWRs
Dramatically less final waste
vs. 10,000+ years for LWR waste
MSRs can turn nuclear waste from a long-term liability into a valuable energy resource
Molten-salt reactor technology combines proven chemistry with modern engineering for unparalleled performance and safety
High-temperature molten salt coolant with high boiling point
Atmospheric pressure vs. 150x in LWRsâeliminates explosion risk
Fluoride or chloride molten salts with excellent heat capacity
Significantly higher than conventional reactors (33% LWRs)
Burns thorium, uranium, plutonium, and transuranic waste
Continuous operation without shutdownâno refueling outages
A frozen salt plug at the reactor bottom is kept solid by active cooling. If power is lost or temperature exceeds limits, the plug melts and fuel drains by gravity into a passively-cooled, subcritical drain tankâautomatically stopping the nuclear reaction without operator intervention
If fuel salt overheats, it naturally expands, reducing density and slowing the fission reaction. The reactor essentially self-regulates its power levelâinherent stability without active control systems
Unlike LWRs operating at up to 150 atmospheres, MSRs run at atmospheric pressureâcompletely eliminating the risk of high-pressure steam explosions or high-energy coolant expulsion events
Unlike water-cooled reactors, MSRs do not produce hydrogen gas during operationâeliminating the risk of hydrogen explosions like those seen at Fukushima
The fuel is already in liquid formâeliminates the catastrophic core meltdown scenarios that plague solid-fuel reactors. No Chernobyl or Fukushima-type accidents are physically possible
Can burn long-lived actinides from conventional spent fuel, dramatically reducing the volume, toxicity, and half-life of final nuclear waste requiring long-term storage